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let's learn some vocabulary words and simple phrases. I will list the Kanji, Hiragana, Romaji (the word sounded out using English letters), and the English meaning for each word or phrase. Most words have Kanji for them but I will only include the Kanji if the word is regularly written that way.

Keep in mind that the Japanese language has different levels of politeness that change based on who you are talking to. I will refer to these as "ultra-formal", "formal" (or "polite form"), "normal" (or "plain form"), "informal", and "rude" (we won't be covering too much of the rude form, however).
漢字 - Kanji ひらがな - Hiragana Romaji
(English Letters) English Meaning
私 /わたし /watashi / I (formal for males, normal for females)
僕 / ぼく /boku/ I (normal for males)
彼 /かれ/ kare /he
彼女 / かのじょ / kanojo / she
あなた /あなた / anata / you (singular/normal)
これ /これ / kore /this (the object itself)
ここ /ここ/ koko / here
この / この// kono/ this (ex. this pen)
それ /それ/ sore/ that (the object itself)
そこ /そこ/ soko/ there
その /その / sono /that (ex. that pen)
人 /ひと/ hito / person
犬 /いぬ/ inu/ dog
猫 /ねこ/ neko/ cat
家 /いえ/ ie house
ありがとう / ありがとう / arigatou / Thank you. (normal)
どういたしまして どういたしまして / douitashimashite /You're welcome. (normal)
おはよう おはよう / ohayou
(sounds like "Ohio") / Good morning. (informal)
おはようございます おはようございます /ohayou gozaimasu / Good morning.
(normal and formal)
こんにちは こんにちは / konnichiwa /Hello. (normal)
こんばんは こんばんは/ konbanwa / Good evening. (normal)
さよなら さよなら / sayonara /Goodbye. (normal)